Showing results for "Ultrasound"
## Overview Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention worldwide. It is characterized by the acute inf...
## Overview Multifocal focal fatty sparing (FFS) refers to localized areas within a liver affected by diffuse steatosis (fatty liver) that do not accumulate fa...
Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder primarily affecting the terminal ileum and proximal colon, characterized by transmural inflammation, skip lesions, and complications such as strictures, fistulas, and abscesses. Extraintestinal manifestations are common.
Acute appendicitis is a common cause of emergency abdominal surgery, characterized by inflammation of the vermiform appendix. CT and ultrasound are the primary imaging modalities used for diagnosis and identifying complications like perforation or abscess. / Viêm ruột thừa cấp là nguyên nhân phổ biến gây phẫu thuật bụng cấp cứu, đặc trưng bởi tình trạng viêm của ruột thừa. CT và siêu âm là các phương tiện chẩn đoán hình ảnh chính được sử dụng để chẩn đoán và xác định các biến chứng như thủng hoặc áp xe.
Overview Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as the implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the functional layer of the endometrial cavity. It remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity and is ...
Myocarditis: A Comprehensive Medical Overview Overview Myocarditis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the myocardium. It presents with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mi...
Kawasaki disease is a medium and small vessel vasculitis primarily affecting young children, with a predilection for coronary arteries. It is the most common pediatric vasculitis worldwide and can lead to coronary artery aneurysms if untreated.
Hội chứng nang đôi ruột trước là khuyết tật bẩm sinh hiếm gặp, có thể xuất hiện ở thực quản, dạ dày hoặc tá tràng, gây triệu chứng tùy vị trí.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor arising from the biliary tree, classified into intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal types. It typically presents with painless jaundice and has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and limited resectability.
## Overview CHARGE syndrome is a complex genetic disorder characterized by a non-random pattern of congenital anomalies. The acronym CHARGE stands for Coloboma...
Intracardiac thrombi are blood clots within the heart chambers that can lead to severe embolic complications, commonly diagnosed using echocardiography, CT, or MRI.
Shoulder dislocation is the separation of the humerus from the glenoid fossa, most commonly occurring anteriorly due to trauma. It is the most frequent large joint dislocation and requires prompt reduction and immobilization.
Fetal neuroblastoma is a congenital tumor arising in utero, most commonly from the adrenal glands, typically diagnosed in the third trimester with excellent prognosis due to spontaneous regression.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, and is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. Diagnosis is primarily made via echocardiography or cardiac MRI.
## Overview Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. A hallmark of HCC is its high propensity for macrovascular invas...
## Overview Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency characterized by the longitudinal cleavage of the aortic media by a column of bloo...
Ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan (HCC) là loại ung thư gan nguyên phát phổ biến nhất, thường xuất hiện trên nền bệnh gan mạn như xơ gan, viêm gan B, C hoặc NASH.
Overview Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory condition of the cerebellum characterized by immune-mediated or direct infectious injury, typically occurring in a parainfectious, postinfectious, or pos...
Overview Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a clinical syndrome caused by a loss of pericardial elasticity, leading to impaired diastolic filling of the heart. It is the result of a chronic inflammator...
Mesenteric Infarction: A Comprehensive Medical Overview Overview Mesenteric infarction represents the end-stage of mesenteric ischemia, characterized by irreversible injury and necrosis of the bowel w...
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign, regenerative liver lesion, second only to hepatic hemangioma in prevalence. It is typically asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on imaging, with characteristic radiological features that aid in non-invasive diagnosis.
## Overview Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting from the incomplete obliteration of the omphal...
Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary benign cardiac tumors in adults, typically arising from the interatrial septum in the left atrium and presenting with a triad of obstructive, embolic, and constitutional symptoms.
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can be life-threatening, classified into interstitial edematous and necrotizing types. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and characteristic imaging findings.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure for treating symptomatic aortic stenosis, utilizing CT and ultrasound for precise pre-operative planning and valve sizing.
Overview Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) represents a spectrum of congenital cardiac malformations characterized by the severe underdevelopment of the left-sided heart structures. These structu...
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue, presenting as superficial peritoneal disease, ovarian endometriomas, or deep infiltrating endometriosis. It is commonly associated with adenomyosis and can involve multiple pelvic and extrapelvic sites, with variable clinical manifestations including pelvic pain and infertility.
The banana sign refers to the characteristic shape of the cerebellum in fetuses with Chiari 2 malformation or spina bifida due to posterior fossa crowding.
Overview Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by diffuse, continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon. Unlike Crohn’s disease, which can aff...
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in elderly men, causing bladder outlet obstruction due to nodular hyperplasia of the prostate's transition zone.
Overview Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The vast majority of cervical cancers are squamous cell...
Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) are benign renal tumors composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat, commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis. They can cause spontaneous hemorrhage, particularly when larger than 4 cm, and are typically diagnosed by imaging detection of macroscopic fat.
Overview Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening vascular emergency characterized by a tear in the intimal layer of the aortic wall, allowing blood to enter the media and create a false lumen. Th...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common pancreatic malignancy, accounting for approximately 90% of cases, with a poor prognosis and high mortality. It typically presents in elderly patients and is diagnosed using imaging modalities such as CT and MRI.
Choledochal cysts are rare congenital cystic dilatations of the biliary tree, most commonly diagnosed in children and associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Diagnosis relies on imaging and exclusion of other causes of biliary dilation.
1. Introduction Liver tumors encompass a diverse spectrum of pathological entities, ranging from common benign incidentalomas to highly aggressive primary and secondary malignancies. The prevalence of...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary malignant renal tumor, typically presenting in patients aged 50-70 with hematuria, flank pain, or as an incidental finding on imaging. It exhibits diverse imaging features and is often diagnosed via CT or MRI, with histological subtypes influencing prognosis.
Primary cardiac tumors are rare and account for a small proportion of heart-related tumors, with most being metastatic or originating from adjacent structures. They are often detected incidentally and can present with nonspecific symptoms such as dyspnea and chest discomfort.
Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer or gastric carcinoma, arises from the gastric mucosa and is the most common malignant tumor of the stomach. Imaging plays a key role in staging, particularly in detecting distant metastatic disease.
Grading of diffuse hepatic steatosis on ultrasound helps assess the extent of fatty liver changes, using visual B-mode criteria (grades I-III) and quantitative CAP measurements (S0-S3). While widely used, these methods have limitations in sensitivity for mild disease and are influenced by multiple clinical factors.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by the underdevelopment of left-sided heart structures. It is a leading cause of neonatal heart failure and requires urgent surgical intervention or transplantation.
Tricuspid atresia is a cyanotic congenital heart defect characterized by absence of the tricuspid valve and a hypoplastic right ventricle, often associated with ASD, VSD, or transposition of the great arteries. Diagnosis is confirmed with imaging, and treatment involves staged surgical repair including the Fontan procedure.
Overview Ileocecal tuberculosis (TB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that predominantly affects the terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending colon, with a predilection for the ileocecal valve reg...
Acute hepatitis is a diffuse hepatocellular injury causing inflammatory changes, primarily diagnosed clinically with non-specific imaging findings. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, and MRI help assess complications or exclude other causes.
Overview Acute hepatitis is a diffuse inflammatory process affecting the liver parenchyma, typically resulting from viral infections, toxins, drugs, autoimmune mechanisms, or ischemic injury. It is ch...
Introduction/Overview Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) has emerged as a cornerstone in modern cardiovascular diagnostics, providing a comprehensive, non-invasive, and non-ionizing evaluation o...
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are benign liver tumors often associated with hormonal factors, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. They carry risks of hemorrhage and malignant transformation, requiring careful imaging evaluation and management based on molecular subtypes.
Bile duct dilatation involves the enlargement of intrahepatic or extrahepatic ducts, often presenting with jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. Ultrasound is the primary modality for assessment, using specific diameter thresholds to identify pathology. / Giãn đường mật bao gồm sự mở rộng của các ống mật trong hoặc ngoài gan, thường biểu hiện bằng vàng da và đau hạ sườn phải. Siêu âm là phương pháp chính để đánh giá, sử dụng các ngưỡng đường kính cụ thể để xác định bệnh lý.
The lemon sign is a prenatal imaging finding characterized by frontal bone indentation, classically associated with Chiari 2 malformation and spina bifida. It is typically observed on axial ultrasound or MRI and often resolves after 24 weeks of gestation.
Overview Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe, life-threatening infectious disease characterized by the colonization of the endocardial surface of the heart by microbial agents, most commonly bacte...
Gallstones, or cholelithiasis, are concretions most commonly found in the gallbladder and may be asymptomatic or cause biliary colic and complications such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and cholangiocarcinoma. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, and MRI are key in diagnosis.
1. Overview & History The Revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for cervical carcinoma, updated in 2018, represents a major advancement in the classificat...
Overview Mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate blood flow to the intestines, leading to hypoxia, cellular injury, and potentially bowel infarction. It can be ...
Lipohemarthrosis is a condition resulting from intra-articular fractures, where fat and blood escape from bone marrow into the joint space, most commonly seen in the knee. It is best identified on imaging by the presence of a fat-fluid level, known as the fat-blood interface (FBI) sign.
Prostate cancer is the most common primary malignant tumor in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological type, typically arising in the peripheral zone and evaluated using multiparametric MRI, PSA levels, and Gleason scoring.
Lecture in General Radiology
Lecture in Neuroradiology
Lecture in General Radiology
Dating scan. --- Tiếng Việt --- Siêu âm xác định tuổi thai.
Ultrasound from outside the hospital demonstrated a liver mass. Further characterization is needed. --- Tiếng Việt --- Siêu âm từ cơ sở y tế ngoài bệnh viện phát hiện một khối ở gan. Cần đánh giá thêm để xác định đặc điểm khối này.
Lecture in General Radiology
Incidental finding on ultrasound performed for abdominal pain. MRI for characterization. --- Tiếng Việt --- Phát hiện tình cờ trên siêu âm được thực hiện do đau bụng. Chụp cộng hưởng từ (MRI) để xác định đặc điểm tổn thương.